双语学堂丨《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》推出第二批28条词汇
当前，中国国内新冠肺炎疫情的防控形势持续向好，生产生活秩序加快恢复，但疫情在全球其他国家蔓延开来。为了使国际社会了解中国人民的抗疫斗争，向全球公共卫生治理提供中国抗疫经验，当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院联合融媒体中心策划编写了《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》（Key Words to Understand China: The Fight Against COVID-19），从中央决策、政策部署、具体举措、疫情发展、国际援助和人物案例等六个方面，解读中国打赢疫情防控阻击战、携手应对全球挑战的担当与行动。今天推出第二批28条词汇，中英文对照如下。
在2020年2月3日召开的中共中央政治局常委会会议上，习近平指出，疫情防控要坚持全国一盘棋。
坚持全国一盘棋，首先要加强党中央集中统一领导。各级党委和政府必须坚决服从党中央统一指挥、统一协调、统一调度，做到令行禁止。各地区各部门必须增强大局意识和全局观念，坚决服从中央应对疫情工作领导小组及国务院联防联控机制的指挥，采取举措既考虑本地区本领域防控需要，也考虑对重点地区、全国防控的影响。At the meeting held on February 3, 2020 by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping instructed that there should be a coordinated national response in epidemic prevention and control.To ensure a coordinated national response, the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee must be strengthened. Party committees and governments at all levels must resolutely follow the unified command, coordination and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, and ensure strict enforcement of orders. All localities and government departments must think in big-picture terms and take a holistic perspective, and resolutely obey the command of the Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control and the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council. When devising epidemic control measures, they should take into account both the needs of their areas and sectors and the potential impacts on key regions and the whole nation.2020年2月5日，习近平在主持召开中央全面依法治国委员会第三次会议时指出，受赠财物必须全部及时用于疫情防控。这一要求是党中央从立法、执法、司法、守法各环节发力，全面提高依法防控、依法治理能力，为疫情防控工作提供有力法治保障的具体体现。
At a meeting of the Commission for Comprehensive Law-based Governance of the CPC Central Committee on February 5, Xi Jinping pointed out that the donated property must all be used without delay for epidemic control to fulfill the wishes of the kind donors. This reflects the CPC Central Committee’s efforts in enhancing legislation, law enforcement, judicial justice, and observation of the law to provide a strong legal guarantee for epidemic prevention and control.
湖北和武汉是疫情防控的重中之重，是打赢疫情防控阻击战的决胜之地。2020年2月10日，习近平在视频连线武汉市重症患者收治医院时指出，武汉胜则湖北胜，湖北胜则全国胜。
Wuhan and Hubei are the top priorities in China’s epidemic prevention and control, and the main battlefield of the war against the virus. On February 10, in a video call with a hospital in Wuhan which treats severe cases, Xi Jinping pointed out, “If Wuhan wins, Hubei wins. If Hubei wins, the whole country wins.”
2020年1月25日，中共中央政治局常委会专题会议强调，要按照“集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治”的原则，将重症病例集中到综合力量强的定点医疗机构进行救治，同时及时收治所有确诊病人。
The meeting held on January 25 by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee laid down a guiding principle of “treating the infected in dedicated facilities by senior medical professionals from all over the country and with all necessary resources.” Severe cases must be gathered into designated medical institutions with strong treatment capabilities, and all confirmed cases must be received by hospitals without delay.中共中央政治局常务委员会2020年2月3日召开会议，习近平主持会议并强调，要着力做好重点地区疫情防控工作。只有集中力量把重点地区的疫情控制住了，才能从根本上尽快扭转全国疫情蔓延局面。要重点抓好防治力量的区域统筹，坚决把救治资源和防护资源集中到抗击疫情第一线，优先满足一线医护人员和救治病人需要。
On February 3, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study and discuss the issue of epidemic control. Xi Jinping chaired the meeting and underscored key regions as the focus of epidemic control. Only by concentrating efforts to control the epidemic in key regions can China fundamentally curb the spread of the virus across the country as soon as possible. It is highly necessary to coordinate regional resources, concentrate treatment and protective resources to the front line, and ensure the needs of frontline medical personnel and the patients as a matter of priority.中共中央政治局常委会2020年2月3日召开会议强调，要全力以赴救治患者，保障医疗防护物资供应，努力提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病死率。
The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee emphasized at its meeting on February 3 that the supply of all kinds of medical protective materials must be ensured and no effort shall be spared to treat the patients. It also demanded raising the admission rate and the recovery rate, and lowering the infection rate and the case fatality rate.中共中央政治局常委会2020年2月3日召开会议强调，要加大科研攻关力度，战胜疫情离不开科技支撑。会议指出，要科学论证病毒来源，尽快查明传染源和传播途径，密切跟踪病毒变异情况，及时研究防控策略和措施。The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at its meeting on February 3 underscored the support of science and technology for defeating the epidemic, and urged reinforcing scientific research in this regard. The meeting highlighted the need to find the origin of the virus, identify the infection source and transmission route as soon as possible, closely track the variation of the virus, and develop prevention and control strategies and measures without delay.
中共中央政治局常委会2020年2月3日召开会议强调，要切实维护正常经济社会秩序。物资供应充足，市场秩序井然，是确保宏观经济稳定运行的基础。会议指出，要在做好疫情防控的同时，保持生产生活平稳有序，避免因确诊病例增多、生活物资供应紧张等引发群众恐慌，带来次生“灾害”。
Maintaining normal economic and social order was stressed by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at its meeting on February 3.
Adequate supplies and market order ensures stable operation of the macro-economy. The meeting pointed out that as the nation is fighting the epidemic, it is necessary to maintain social stability and orderly production, so as to avoid public panic and “secondary disasters” caused by the increase of confirmed cases and the shortage of daily necessities.习近平多次作出重要指示，要求加强联防联控工作，筑牢群防群治的严密防线。2020年1月20日，结合新冠肺炎疫情防控形势，针对春节期间人群流动大的特点，国家卫生健康委召开会议强调，全国卫生系统要健全联防联控工作机制，完善多部门联防联控疫情预案，强化对地方工作的指导和支持。1月21日，中国政府将新冠肺炎疫情防控上升到国家层面，启动国务院应对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情联防联控机制（简称“国务院联防联控机制”）。
Xi Jinping has reiterated the importance of society-wide efforts in epidemic prevention and control, and of building a strict line of defense by mobilizing the public.
On January 20, facing the outbreak of the epidemic and considering the large mobility of people during the upcoming Spring Festival break, the NHC proposed setting up a joint anti-epidemic prevention and control mechanism within the national health system, improving inter-agency preparation and coordination, and providing guidance and support to relevant local work.
On January 21, the Chinese government upgraded the joint mechanism to the national level and launched the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council in Response to the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (“Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council” for short).2020年1月22日，党中央果断要求湖北省对人员外流实施全面严格管控。从1月26日0时起，除经许可的保供运输车、免费交通车、公务用车外，武汉中心城区区域实行机动车禁行管理。
这些“封城”措施，是有效阻断疫情传播、遏制疫情蔓延的必要之举。面对疫情，武汉、湖北和中国果断采取了有力措施和行动，做出了巨大努力和牺牲，为全球疫情防控赢得了宝贵时间。
On January 22, 2020, the CPC Central Committee decisively demanded Hubei province implement comprehensive and strict control over personnel outflow. From 00:00 on January 26, all non-essential vehicles were banned in downtown Wuhan except for vehicles with permits that are used to guarantee material supply, provide free transportation, and serve public affairs.These lockdown measures are highly necessary to effectively block the virus and curb the epidemic from spreading. In the face of the epidemic, Wuhan, Hubei and China have resolutely taken effective measures and actions, and by making great efforts and sacrifices, they have bought valuable time for the whole world to fight against the epidemic.
新冠肺炎疫情发生时恰逢中国春节返乡高峰，控制新增、防止扩散是疫情防控工作的关键所在。以习近平同志为核心的党中央多次要求各省市采取针对性措施，做到外防输入、内防扩散。这是针对非疫情防控重点地区、人口流动大省大市的一项差异化防控策略。
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic coincides with the home return peak during China’s Spring Festival break. Controlling the number of infections and preventing the spread of the virus is the key to epidemic control. The CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has repeatedly urged all provinces and municipalities to take targeted measures and prevent the coronavirus from entering and spreading within the regions under their jurisdiction. This is a differentiated strategy for the regions that are not vital for epidemic prevention and control as well as for the provinces and municipalities with mass transient populations.
2020年1月20日，武汉市新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥部工作会议提出，全力做好患者救治工作，对重症患者“一人一方案”“一人一团队”，确保轻症患者尽快治愈出院。
On January 20, the Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarter of Wuhan decided to exert all-out efforts in the treatment of patients. For severe cases, the practice of “a dedicated team and a personalized treatment plan for each patient” will be applied, and mild cases will be cured and discharged as early as possible.
2020年2月17日至19日, 武汉市展开集中拉网式大排查, 对各区各街道辖区居民进行筛查甄别，坚持“不落一户、不漏一人”。这是坚持人民生命至上、遵循应收尽收原则的具体举措。
From February 17 to 19, Wuhan launched a massive dragnet screening of potential virus carriers among its residents in every community, “leaving no one unscreened.” This follows the belief that “saving lives is of paramount importance,” and the principle of getting all confirmed cases hospitalized for treatment.
不明原因肺炎，是中国卫生部门为及时发现和处理SARS、人禽流感以及其他传染性肺炎提出的一种医学概念。不明原因肺炎送检需满足四个标准：发热（腋下体温≥38℃)；具有肺炎的影像学特征；发病早期白细胞总数降低或正常，或淋巴细胞分类计数减少；经规范抗菌药物治疗3～5天，病情无明显改善或呈进行性加重。
Pneumonia of unknown cause is a medical term coined by the Chinese health authorities for timely detection and treatment of SARS, human avian influenza and other infectious pneumonia. Patients of pneumonia of unknown cause have the following clinical signs and symptoms: fever (axillary temperature is 38 degrees centigrade or higher), imaging features of pneumonia, decreasing or normal leukocyte count or decreasing lymphocyte count in the early stage of the disease, and no significant improvement or even progressive aggravation after standard anti-microbial treatment for three to five days.
快速准确地检测到病毒是防控的关键。2019年12月31日，国家卫生健康委高级别专家组赴武汉开展相关检测核实工作，初步确定此次不明原因病毒性肺炎病例的病原体为新型冠状病毒。核酸检测是目前诊断新冠病毒肺炎的主要依据。
Rapid and accurate detection of the virus is the key to epidemic prevention and control. On December 31, 2019, the High-level Expert Group of the NHC was dispatched to Wuhan, who soon identified that the pathogen of this particular viral pneumonia case was a novel coronavirus. At that time, nucleic acid detection was the main basis for the diagnosis of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.
病毒毒株的分离有助于加快研发快速诊断的试剂，对疫苗研制和药物研发具有重要意义。武汉出现不明原因肺炎病例后，中国政府迅速部署开展病毒分析、检测试剂研发和疫苗研制等工作。
The isolation of virus strains helps to speed up the development of rapid diagnostic reagents, which is of great significance for the development of vaccines and drugs. After cases of pneumonia by unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, the Chinese government quickly deployed the work of virus analysis, research and development of testing reagents and vaccine development.根据突发公共卫生事件性质、危害程度、涉及范围，突发公共卫生事件划分为特别重大(Ⅰ级)、重大(Ⅱ级)、较大(Ⅲ级)和一般(Ⅳ级)四级。这次新冠肺炎疫情是新中国成立以来在我国发生的传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的一次突发公共卫生事件。
According to the nature, severity and scope of impact, public health emergencies are classified into four levels (I, II, III and IV), with severity decreasing from Level I to Level IV. The novel coronavirus epidemic is a public health emergency with the fastest spread and the widest range of infections, and has been the most difficult to prevent and control in China since the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949.病死率是指在一定时期内，因患某种疾病死亡的人或动物数量占患病人或动物总数的比例，用于描述某种特定疾病的严重程度。2020年2月4日，国家卫生健康委宣布，截至2月3日晚24时，新冠肺炎全国病死率控制在2.1%，病死率低于SARS（全球病死率近11%），高于甲流（1%~1.5%）。
The case fatality rate refers to the proportion of people or animals who die from a disease to the total number of patients or animals suffering the disease within a certain period of time, which is used to describe the severity of a particular disease.
On February 4, the NHC announced that by 24:00 of February 3, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in China had been controlled at 2.1%, which was lower than that of SARS (with a global case fatality rate of 11%) and higher than that of H1N1 (1%-1.5%).2020年1月20日至21日，世界卫生组织首次派出专家组赴武汉实地考察，就病毒传染性、重症病例和传染源等问题同中方进行交流，确认疫情传播途径出现人传人以及医务人员感染。世界卫生组织赞赏中国主动通报疫情信息和分享病毒基因序列的行为，肯定中国政府在短时间内采取的各项有力有效举措，称道中国快速研究和识别新的病毒种类，认可中国近年来在医学研究方面的进展。
From January 20 to 21, the WHO sent a team of experts to Wuhan to investigate the outbreak and communicate with their Chinese counterparts about virus infectivity, severe cases and infection source. The WHO experts confirmed human-to-human transmission of the epidemic and infection among medical personnel.
WHO appreciated China’s initiative to report epidemic information and share the genetic sequence of the virus, approved the strong and effective measures taken by the Chinese government in a very short time, and praised China’s rapid research and identification of new types of viruses. It also recognized China’s progress in medical research in recent years.2020年1月27日，由比尔·盖茨及其夫人梅琳达共同成立的盖茨基金会，宣布提供500万美元紧急赠款，支持中国抗击疫情。随后，又承诺投入最高1亿美元赠款，用于支持世界卫生组织、中国相关机构以及其他国际和国家层面的相关机构，共同应对新冠病毒疫情。比尔·盖茨专门致信习近平主席，赞赏中国政府和人民在抗击疫情中的表现，表示将坚定支持中国打赢抗疫阻击战。
习近平在2月20日给比尔·盖茨的回信中，感谢他和盖茨基金会对中国防控新冠肺炎疫情工作的支持，呼吁国际社会加强协调、共同抗击疫情。
On January 27, the Gates Foundation, co-founded by Bill Gates and his wife Melinda, committed $5 million in emergency funds to support China’s fight against the epidemic. Subsequently, the Foundation committed up to $100 million for the global response to the novel coronavirus.
Bill Gates sent a special letter to President Xi Jinping, praising the performance of the Chinese government and people in fighting the virus, and expressing his firm support for China to defeat the epidemic.
In his reply to Bill Gates on February 20, Xi Jinping thanked him and the Gates Foundation for their support, and called for enhanced coordination and concerted efforts in the international community to combat the epidemic.2020年2月11日，韩国首尔市政府向北京、重庆等12座城市提供1000套医用防护服、500个护目镜、90个医用防护面罩、30台便携式热成像摄像机等6亿韩元（约合人民币353万元）规模的援助物资，并表示还将视情提供民用口罩等物资，助力中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情。
中韩两国面对困难相互支持、相互帮助，反映了两国之间共同共通的文化底蕴、守望相助的友好传统，显示出携手构建人类命运共同体的邻里情、朋友义。
On February 11, the Seoul Metropolitan Government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) donated 1,000 sets of medical protective suits, 500 goggles, 90 medical masks, 30 portable thermal imaging cameras and others, with a total value of 600 million won (about 3.53 million yuan), to 12 cities including Beijing and Chongqing. It also said that it would continue to provide masks for civilian use and other materials as appropriate to help China fight against the epidemic.
The mutual support and assistance between China and the ROK in the face of difficulties reflects the two countries’ common cultural background and friendly tradition, and shows the affection of neighborhood and righteousness of friends which enable the two countries to work together to build a global community of shared future.2020年2月1日，新加坡总理李显龙在新加坡宏茂桥德义区新春晚宴用中文致辞，主动回应歧视与仇华言行，表示新冠肺炎疫情是公共卫生事件，不是国家或种族的问题，排华行为愚昧且不合逻辑。
新加坡政要高官公开表态对中国战胜疫情抱有坚定信心，及时向中国伸出援助之手，体现了中新两国在困难时刻互帮互助的优良传统，两国友谊在抗击疫情的斗争中得到了深化，两国合作必将在疫情过后得到新的拓展。
On February 1, Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong delivered a speech in Chinese at the Spring Festival Dinner in Ang Mo Kio. He addressed the recent bubbling of anti-China or anti-Chinese sentiment, saying that the COVID-19 epidemic is a public health event, not a matter of country or race, and the anti-Chinese sentiment is foolish and illogical.
Senior Singaporean officials have publicly expressed their firm confidence in China’s victory over the epidemic and extended a helping hand to China. This has reflected the tradition of China and Singapore helping each other in difficult times, and their friendship has been deepened in the battle against the virus. Cooperation between the two countries will certainly get a new expansion after the epidemic.张继先，湖北省中西医结合医院呼吸与重症医学科主任，在非典疫情防治期间曾担任武汉市江汉区专家组成员。她以超强的专业意识，最早判断并坚持上报新冠肺炎疫情，在中国率先拉响了疫情防控警报。
2019年12月27日，张继先发现接诊的病人中有一家三口肺部CT检查结果显示肺部表现相同，在给患者做了各项流感相关检查结果呈阴性后，她立即向医院做了情况汇报，并由医院上报给江汉区疾控中心。随后两天，医院门诊又收治了3名症状和肺部表现一致的患者，张继先再次上报给医院，由此成为此次新冠肺炎疫情上报的第一人。
Zhang Jixian is director of the Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine. She was a member of the Expert Group of Jianghan District of Wuhan during the SARS outbreak in 2003. With an extremely acute professional awareness, Zhang was the first person to make the correct diagnosis and insist on reporting the epidemic to the higher authorities. She was the first to sound the alarm for the prevention of the virus.
On December 27, 2019, Zhang Jixian was surprised to find that three of her patients – the parents and the son – had similar CT images of their lungs. As the results of various influenza-related tests on these three patients were all negative, she immediately alerted the hospital chief to this situation, who forwarded her report to the Jianghan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In the following two days, the hospital received another three patients with similar symptoms and lung photos, and Zhang reported this to the hospital again, thus becoming the first doctor to report the COVID-19 epidemic.朱国超，武汉市第六医院重症医学科主任。作为重症医学科主任，朱国超每天查房、抢救、治疗，超负荷工作12小时以上。
在此期间，她的婆婆、公公和丈夫先后不同程度感染新冠病毒，但她只能趁午间空隙，到呼吸病区照顾家人。2020年1月30日晚，她77岁的婆婆因抢救无效离开人世，而朱国超忍着悲痛，仍然坚守在抗击新冠肺炎疫情第一线。
Zhu Guochao is director of the Intensive Care Unit of Wuhan Sixth Hospital. As the ICU director, Zhu was heavily overloaded and worked more than 12 hours a day.
During that period, her mother-in-law, father-in-law and husband were successively infected with the virus and were received by her hospital. But she could only manage to look after them for a while at lunchtime. Her 77-year-old mother-in-law died from the disease on January 30. Zhu endured grief and remained on the forefront.刘传健，四川航空公司飞行训练管理部副总经理，曾任重庆分公司飞行分部责任机长，是电影《中国机长》的主人公原型。
2020年2月2日，四川第三批援助湖北医疗队120余名医护人员和相关物资飞赴武汉。刘传健主动申请执飞此次任务。2月9日，四川省第六批援助湖北医疗队伍出征，刘传健再度执飞运送航班。
Liu Chuanjian is deputy general manager of the Flight Training and Management Department of Sichuan Airlines. He was once command pilot of the Chongqing Branch. His story has been turned into a hero movie The Chinese Pilot.
On February 2, 2020, Sichuan dispatched 120 medical workers to assist Hubei. Liu Chuanjian had applied to fly the mission. He flew the mission again on February 9 and successfully transported the sixth batch of Sichuan’s medical personnel to Hubei.汪勇，一名生长于武汉的80后快递员。受新冠肺炎疫情影响，许多快递公司在春节期间暂停服务。2020年1月24日晚，在家照顾女儿的汪勇看到了一名武汉金银潭医院的护士发布在微信朋友圈的信息，得知由于车辆限行、公交车和地铁停运，很多医护人员下夜班后无法回家，遂决定义务接送医护人员上下班。
疫情期间，在汪勇的帮助下，1000多名医护人员解决了出行和就餐问题。
Wang Yong is a native courier of Wuhan born in the 1980s. Affected by the epidemic, many express delivery companies suspended their services during the Spring Festival. On the evening of January 24, Wang read a message posted on WeChat by a nurse at Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan. Learning that due to traffic restrictions and the suspension of buses and subways, many medical workers could not go home after the night shift, Wang volunteered to take them to and from work.
Wang has helped more than 1,000 medical workers with their commuting and dining problems.袁传伟，江苏省苏州市一家精密器械有限公司生产负责人。2020年1月26日，在老家江苏盐城过春节的他，接到了一份为武汉生产消毒设备零部件的紧急订单。合作伙伴告诉他，由于疫情严重，湖北急需过氧化氢消毒器为医院消毒。
然而他却面临着没有工人的问题，很多回家过年的工人在老家自我隔离。当晚，他开始24小时吃住在工厂，一天只休息两个小时。通常情况下，做完这一批200套的订单，需要5名员工协同合作15天，而袁传伟一个人用了16天时间完成了这批订单。袁传伟凭借一己之力扛起了整条生产线。
Yuan Chuanwei is in charge of production in a precision equipment company located in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. On January 26, while staying in his hometown of Yancheng for the Spring Festival, Yuan received an urgent order from Wuhan for the parts of hydrogen peroxide sterilization equipment. He was told that due to the serious epidemic, Hubei’s hospitals desperately needed hydrogen peroxide disinfectors.
Then he found he was the only worker at the factory. Others had all returned home for family reunion and were currently required to quarantine at home, which meant they could not return to work.
From the night of January 27 on, Yuan lived and worked non-stop in the workshop, only taking a nap on the sofa when tired. Normally it would take five employees to complete 200 sets in 15 days, but Yuan alone fulfilled the order in 16 days. Single-handedly, Yuan ran the whole production line all by himself.新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，武汉的情况也牵动着汶川同胞的心。2020年2月4日，四川省阿坝州汶川县三龙镇龙竹村村支书赵勇带领11位村民，驾驶6辆卡车，经过36小时的长途跋涉到达武汉。卡车上载满了村民自发捐赠给武汉9家医院和外省医疗队驻地的100吨新鲜蔬菜，每一辆运送蔬菜的卡车上，都挂着“汶川感恩您，武汉要雄起”的横幅。After the outbreak of the epidemic, the people in Wenchuan have been greatly concerned about the situation in Wuhan. On February 4, Zhao Yong, CPC branch secretary of Longzhu village, and 11 villagers drove 36 hours and arrived in Wuhan. The six trucks of theirs were fully loaded with 100 tons of fresh vegetables, which were donated by their villagers to nine hospitals in Wuhan and the medical teams coming from other parts of the country to help the city. On the trucks hung banners bearing slogans saying, “Love from Wenchuan, Stay strong Wuhan.”
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来源：中国外文局当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院、融媒体中心